History for the Curious

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#153 - The Russian Empire I - Origins, Conquest & Confinement

Mar 3, 2025

55:16

For centuries, Russia was home to the largest Jewish community in the world. But why did Jews choose to move to a country that never wanted them? Understanding this complex history is at the heart of Jewish Modern history. And was Kiev or Moscow the capital of the Empire. Chapters 00:00 Political Intrigue 11:01 The History of Russian Jewry 25:48 Catherine the Great's Reign and Jewish Policies 27:41 The Transformation of the Russian Empire 30:00 The Jewish Population in Eastern Europe 34:21 The Impact of Russian Rule on Jewish Life 37:22 Resistance and Rebellion in Poland 40:01 Diverging Paths: Prussian and Galician Jews 42:11 The Russian Government's Approach to Jews 45:05 The Long Nightmare of Russian Governance 50:28 Reactions from Jewish Leaders 54:00 The Legacy of Eastern European Jewry

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#152 - Jewish Physicians III – Ottoman Vignettes and Halachic Questions feat. Rabbi Dr Akiva Tatz

Feb 13, 2025

56:23

In Eastern Europe quacks and soothsayers were in abundance, as were invented remedies whilst the Ottoman Empire provided refuge from Spain but came with its own risk. But do the best doctors end up in Hell according to Jewish tradition? Can one give a vaccine that also kills people? And may one smoke on Shabbos to perform better surgery? Chapters 00:00 The Landscape of Medical Practice in 18th Century Russia 02:55 The Role of Jewish Physicians in Europe 05:52 The Influence of Jewish Medical Practitioners in the Ottoman Empire 12:08 Challenges Faced by Jewish Physicians in France and Germany 18:00 The Ethical Dilemmas of Medical Practice 27:04 Reflections on the Medical Profession and Its Perception 27:50 The Weight of Medical Decisions 28:47 Personal Anecdotes and Cultural Reflections 32:31 Halachic Insights in Medical Practice 34:23 Ethical Dilemmas in Medicine 40:12 The Role of Transparency in Medical Decisions 41:20 Halachic Questions in Medical Scenarios

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#151 - Jewish Physicians in History II - feat. Rabbi Dr Akiva Tatz

Feb 6, 2025

1:03:04

Why did Jewish doctors in the Middle East get involved in Politics? How should modern day doctors combine ethics and law? How many Jewish women medics were there in Europe? Who were the Chinese Jewish physicians? How do we define sanctity of Life? And should everyone own a copy of Pu Ji Fang? Chapters 02:34 Jewish Doctors in the Islamic World 09:50 Cultural Interactions and Medical Ethics 15:04 Conversion and Identity Among Jewish Physicians 18:59 The Role of Women in Jewish Medicine 27:55 Marco Polo and Jewish Communities in China 29:36 Jewish Physicians in Chinese History 34:32 Personal Anecdotes: Medicine and Judaism in South Africa 49:05 Ethical Dilemmas in Medicine and Judaism 54:34 The Intersection of Autonomy and Jewish Law

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#150 - Jewish Physicians in History I - feat. Rabbi Dr Akiva Tatz

Jan 29, 2025

1:06:15

‘My son-in-law the Doctor’ may be a cliche, but it is based on the very real narrative of thousands of Jewish physicians who practiced through the ages. What was their environment during the Middle Ages in Christian Europe? How did Jewish doctors gain their knowledge? Why did the Popes always have a Jewish physician? And how are the Rambam’s medical writings viewed today? Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Jewish Medicine and History 02:47 The Role of Jewish Physicians in Europe 06:10 Historical Context of Jewish Medical Literature 09:04 The Influence of Islamic Medicine on Jewish Practices 11:55 The Evolution of Medical Practices in Medieval Europe 15:14 The Relationship Between Jewish and Christian Physicians 18:02 The Societal Perception of Jewish Doctors 20:48 Accusations and Stereotypes Against Jewish Physicians 24:02 The Impact of the Black Death on Jewish Medicine 26:56 Conclusion: The Legacy of Jewish Medicine 33:37 The Perils of Jewish Physicians in History 46:00 The Legacy of Maimonides and Jewish Medicine 01:01:56 The Evolution of Medical Specialization and Its Impact

55

#149 - Vienna III : Leading to Darkness

Jan 16, 2025

52:34

WWI was a catastrophic event for the Austrian Empire, and the Jews immediately became unwelcome residents. When the Chancellor was assassinated it seemed that time was running out. However, Vienna still played host to important people and events in the inter-war years. The Chortkover Rebbe, the founding of Daf Yomi and a Zionist Congress. And then there was the unusual visit of the Lubavitcher Rebbe in 1903 Chapters 00:00 The Rise of Anti-Semitism in Pre-War Austria 02:55 World War I: A Turning Point for Austrian Jewry 06:05 Post-War Challenges: Economic Hardships and Scapegoating 08:55 The Emergence of Political Anti-Semitism 11:48 The Role of Universities in Anti-Semitic Sentiment 15:02 The Zionist Congress and Public Demonstrations 17:54 The Impact of Anti-Semitism on Jewish Identity 21:13 Conclusion: Lessons from History 26:35 The Rise of Anti-Semitism in Austria 29:50 Unexpected Allies: The Christian Social Chancellor 32:11 The Complex Relationship Between Jews and the Austrian Government 35:34 Internal Divisions Within the Jewish Community 39:17 The Role of Religious Leadership in Vienna 43:10 The Influence of the Chotkver Rebbe 50:11 The Encounter Between Freud and the Lu bavitcher Rebbe

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#148 - Vienna II - pre-WWI: Freud, Herzl & Rabbi Flesch

Jan 7, 2025

54:30

Why did Vienna produce so many revolutionary Jews? How Jewish was Freud? Was Herzl always a Zionist? Did the Beis Yakov movement actually start in Vienna rather than Krakow? Nathan Birnbaum created the term Zionism - why don’t we know more about him? What was Gustav Mahler’s epitaph on his tombstone? Chapters 03:12 Jewish Identity vs Jewish Society 06:04 Responses to Antisemitism: A Spectrum of Reactions 09:00 Five Cultural Figures and Their Influence 11:51 Theodor Herzl: From Assimilation to Zionism 20:54 The Collision of Ideas: Herzl and Viennese Jewry 23:50 Herzl's Proposals: Why they happened in Vienna 30:09 Nathan Birnbaum: The Ideologue of Zionism 35:24 Sigmund Freud: A Complex Jewish Identity 39:14 Freud's Psychoanalysis: Does it have religious value? 46:30 Rabbi Moshe David Flesch: A Voice for Jewish Women

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#147 - The BBC: Biased Broadcasting Corporation - The Insiders View feat. Trevor Assesrson

Dec 26, 2024

50:54

It has long been suspected that the BBC is anti-Israel and employs pro-Palestinian reporters and editors. But how do you prove suspicion? And how far does the betrayal go? Using objective forensic methodology and scientific analysis, a year long report was created by a team of researchers, spear-headed by Trevor Assesrson, that makes shocking reading and listening. Post-interview we then spoke to Rabbi Zev Leff, Rabbi Osher Weiss and others, to determine how we should react? Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Jewish History Podcast 01:07 Media Bias and Its Impact on Jewish Identity 03:25 Interview with Trevor Asserson: Uncovering BBC Bias 05:45 The Findings of the Asserson Report 10:06 Analysis of BBC Arabic Coverage 12:28 BBC Arabic and Its Influence 17:34 The BBC's Institutional Challenges 19:30 Hamas's Strategy and Media Reporting 24:24 BBC's Institutional Bias 27:14 Freedom of Information and BBC Accountability 32:20 Public Awareness and Criticism of the BBC 39:37 The Challenge of Objectivity in Reporting 40:34 Funding and Support for Continued Research 46:34 Conclusion and Call to Action

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#146 - 19th Century Vienna - Friends or Enemies?

Dec 18, 2024

56:48

In the 1800s Vienna was one of the world's major cities, yet does not seem to have produced religious leadership? It nevertheless underwent a metamorphosis, which left it the victim of strong prejudice. Why did it experience such phenomenal growth in numbers and how - in just 4 decades - did Vienna become the centre of Jewish culture and science. What role did Rabbi Shmuel Yosef Bloch play? Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Jewish History Podcast 02:51 The Importance of Understanding Jewish History 06:12 Effie's Insights on Rabbi Hirsch's Work 07:05 Introduction to the Jews of Vienna 08:33 Vienna's Jewish History and Community Dynamics 10:29 Legal Status and Assimilation of Jews in Vienna 13:52 The Rise of Jewish Influence in Vienna 18:10 Anti-Semitism and Jewish Integration in Society 21:06 The Complex Relationship Between Jews and Non-Jews 24:00 Political Anti-Semitism and Its Consequences 26:25 Internal Anti-Semitism and Community Dynamics 28:45 The Crisis of Assimilation and Political Zionism 30:13 Jewish Identity in Late 19th Century Vienna 32:35 Religious Reform and Resistance in Vienna 36:22 The Showdown of Reform and Orthodox Judaism 43:30 Rabbi Yosef Schmuel Bloch: A Voice Against Anti-Semitism 54:50 Vienna's Jewish Community: A Historical Overview

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#145 - Chanukah, the West & the ICC Judgement

Dec 5, 2024

50:18

Unlike militant Islam, our enemies in the West don't want the Jews wiped out. But what they are aiming for is far more sinister. It is a battle between Sheker and Emess, that goes back to Biblical times and encompasses Politics, Art & Science. The quest for peace may seem elusive, but in certain ways, we hold the keys to changing the narrative. Summary This conversation delves into the complexities of Jewish identity, the historical context of anti-Semitism, and the current political landscape in the West, surrounding Israel and the ICC. It explores the philosophical underpinnings of truth, the influence of Greek thought on Jewish tradition, and the dangers of assimilation. The podcast looks at the Soviet Union, the Church, Blood Libels and the recent US elections. Chapters 00:00 The ICC and Its Jurisdiction Over Israel 02:52 Historical Context of Jewish Enmity 06:14 The Nature of Modern Anti-Semitism 09:06 The Role of Truth and Falsehood 11:59 The Intersection of Science and Religion 14:52 The Influence of Greek Philosophy 18:12 The Political Landscape and Jewish Identity 21:09 The Dangers of Assimilation 24:03 The ICC's Bias Against Israel 26:51 The Call to Action for the Jewish Community 29:45 The Importance of Truth in Jewish Life

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#144 - The Rothschilds III - Five Brothers

Nov 27, 2024

53:54

The ghetto walls were slowly coming down, but Mayer Anschel and Gutele refused to leave the Judengasse. Unusual opportunities arose for the Rothschilds when Napoleon opened a port for smuggling gold, although all was not plain sailing. The result was an international network based on Mayer Amschel's instruction, where unity and the Jewish Nation reigned supreme. Along the way,Taxis & Thurn, the Duke of Wellington & Hersh Liebman all formed part of the enduring and memorable narrative. But the question of the origins of his wealth, still remains unanswered.... https://koshertravelers.com/pesach-2025-elysium-resort-spa-hotel/ Chapters 00:00 The Rothschilds and European Finance 02:22 Emancipation and the Ghetto Experience 04:11 Tax Investigations and Business Operations 06:32 Smuggling and Trade Challenges 10:46 The Rise of Nathan Rothschild 12:40 The Smuggling Operations and Economic Impact 19:14 Nathan Rothschild: The Napoleon of Finance 23:03 Legacy of Mayer Amschel Rothschild 27:21 Legacy of Influence: The Rothschild Family's Values 30:09 Unity and Success: The Rothschild Brothers' Commitment 32:57 The Early Years: Rothschild's Business Practices and Challenges 39:00 Theft and Betrayal: A Rothschild Scandal Uncovered 42:45 Communication Innovations: The Rothschilds' Use of Pigeons and Telegraphs 46:57 The Portrait of Guttler Rothschild: A Family Legacy 51:14 Mysteries of Wealth: The Rothschilds and Their Historical Context

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The Rothschilds II - Mayer Amschel: Founder of a Dynasty

Nov 19, 2024

48:01

Denmark’s bankruptcy gave Rothschild the opportunity he had been pursuing for 30 years, leaving a wake of furious Christian bankers behind him. A branch opens in London and the founder now changes to Family Rothschild, but Judaism remains uppermost. Napoleon’s invasion forces the Rothschilds underground and secrecy, diplomacy and speed become the bywords of the dynasty. Trip Details: Join us in exploring Jewish history across Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia with Rabbis Aubrey Hersh and Akiva Tatz. Limited spots available—contact Giana at [email protected] for details. Chapters 00:00 The Rise of the Rothschild Dynasty 02:50 The Rothschild Family Structure and Dynamics 08:56 Challenges and Triumphs in the Ghetto 11:47 The Impact of War on Rothschild's Wealth 15:07 The Role of Secrecy in Rothschild's Success 18:00 The Legacy of Charity and Community 20:54 Political Maneuvering and Emancipation 24:11 The Rothschilds and the Napoleonic Wars 26:59 The Transformation into International Bankers 33:04 The Enduring Legacy of the Rothschild Family

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Mayer Amschel Rothschild - The Improbable Millionaire

Nov 12, 2024

49:43

The very name conjures up images of immense wealth, of banks and private government deals. It is accompanied by numerous conspiracy theories and unlikely legends. But the beginnings of the dynasty occurred in the overcrowded and isolated confines of the uninhabitable ghetto of Frankfurt. He rose to become the wealthiest Jew in Germany whilst remaining a Jew enclosed in a ghetto. It is a story that has never really been told. One that saw fortunes being lost and gained and that occured in the most unlikely of historical circumstances. Summary This conversation explores the life and legacy of Mayer Amschel Rothschild, detailing his unlikely rise to wealth as a Jew in 18th century Frankfurt. It delves into the socio-economic conditions of the time, the anti-Semitic environment, and the significant events that shaped his fortune, including the French Revolution. The discussion highlights Rothschild's early ventures, his connections with influential figures, and the business landscape of Frankfurt, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Rothschild banking dynasty. Takeaways The Rothschild name has become synonymous with immense wealth, yet Rothschild's rise to wealth could not have been foreseen . Life in the Judengasse was harsh and restrictive for Jews for many centuries. Frankfurt was a significant business hub in the 18th century. Rothschild's early ventures included trading coins and banking. His connections with royalty were crucial to his success. The French Revolution created opportunities for Rothschild. Within a decade afterwards, Rothschild and his sons became millionaires. Chapters 04:20 Conspiracy theories 07:57 Life in Frankfurt's Judengasse 15:09 The Business Landscape of 18th Century Frankfurt 26:09 Rothschild's Early Ventures and Connections 29:30 Crown Prince William of Cassel-Hesse 37:58 The Impact of the French Revolution

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Why History?

Nov 2, 2024

1:00

The question behind all our podcasts? What can we learn? How does it change us. Our matched funds campaign is now live. If you enjoy History for the Curious, Please sponsor our continued podcasts: www.charityextra.com/jle/podcast The link will be live all of this week

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The Greatest Fundraisers in History

Oct 29, 2024

56:55

During the 20th century, a number of individuals devoted their lives to helping the Jewish People; determined, courageous and innovative. Their fundraising efforts had an enormous impact on the Jewish world. Their stories need to be heard. Charity also raises Halachic dilemmas for donors and recipients alike. And then there is a unique opportunity to introduce a History for the Curious podcast ! Join our fundraiser this week, to help double our audience. Link goes live on Motze Shabbos 2nd November - www.charityextra.com/jle/podcast Summary This conversation explores significant moments in Jewish fundraising history: people, events and campaigns. It emphasizes the importance of charity and community support and delves into the historical context of Jewish fundraising efforts, particularly in the aftermath of World War II. It highlights the transformative power of community support, the guilt felt by American Jewry for not doing enough during the war, and the significant contributions made by individuals like Henry Morgenthau. The discussion also touches on the evolution of fundraising methods, including the rise of online platforms that democratize giving. Halakhic perspectives on fundraising practices are also explored, such as revealing names of donors and repayments for loans Takeaways WWI brought various Jewish organisations together to help Jews internationally. Rabbi Elya Chaim Meisels played a crucial role in building Lodz's infrastructure and exemplified selflessness. The Ponovezher Rov's efforts saved many lives during the war. True fundraising requires a deep understanding of the cause. Building a future is more important than memorializing the past. The impact of individual donors can transform communities. Historic fundraising campaigns have shaped the Jewish community's response to crises. The ongoing struggle for Jewish survival is echoed in historical fundraising efforts. Halakhic issues play a crucial role in the ethics of fundraising. Online fundraising has transformed how charities engage with donors. Chapters 03:03 Fundraising History: A Chilly Evening in Chicago 10:36 Rabbi Elya Chaim Meisels: His foresight and his support of scholars, trade unionists and cholera victims 16:53 The Ponovezher Rov: Resilience and Courage After the Holocaust 29:33 Historic Fundraising Campaigns Post-WWII 33:25 Guilt and Responsibility in Fundraising 39:13 The Fight for a Jewish State and Golda Meir’s financial campaign 43:57 Halakhic Fundraising Dilemmas 51:01 The Evolution of Online Fundraising 54:45 Win the chance to introduce a History for the Curious Podcast

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Dayan Yechezkel Abramsky II – Clashes, Victories & Losses

Oct 14, 2024

55:25

His arrival to England was accompanied both by miracles and threats. Soon thereafter he was elected as the Av Beis Din in London, where he faced many battles: the non-religious lay leadership, the dangers of the Blitz during WWII and a family that was becoming fragmented. His tenacity and resilience saw him succeed and his influence on British Jewry extends to the present day. Moving to Eretz Yisrael in 1951 brought new challenges and new opportunities for Torah. However his son Chimen was an enigma to the end; a genius who fought for the Jews but lost his Judaism. Summary This conversation delves into the life and legacy of Dayan Abramsky, a prominent Jewish leader in London during the mid 20th century. It explores his resilience through adversity, his commitment to maintaining kosher standards, and his significant role in the Jewish community during World War II. The discussion highlights almost miraculous escapes and the personal sacrifices made by him and his family. This conversation delves into the life and legacy, exploring the complexities of his family dynamics, particularly the ideological conflicts faced by his son Chimen, who became a communist despite his father's religious background. Anecdotes and reflections on his character and teachings provide a rich context for understanding his contributions to Jewish life and thought. Takeaways Dayan Abramsky was instrumental in raising the standards of Judaism in England. Courtroom battles highlighted the importance of truth in Jewish law. Abramsky’s family faced immense struggles during the Soviet era. Innovative solutions were necessary to address wartime challenges. Chimen's political journey reflects a complex relationship with his father's legacy. influence on British Jewry is still felt today. The contradictions in Chimen's life highlight the complexities of identity. Chapters 00:00 The Miraculous Stories of Survival 06:35 Challenges of Jewish Leadership in London 10:51 The Fight for Kosher Standards 15:29 Courtroom Battles and Upholding Truth 17:56 Family Struggles and Personal Sacrifices 20:19 Community Engagement and Responsibilities 23:09 Innovative Solutions During Wartime 34:33 Chimen's Political Journey and Ideological Conflicts 39:34 Dayan Abramsky’s Influence and Legacy in Israel

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Dayan Yechezkel Abramsky - Part One: 1886-1931

Oct 1, 2024

43:32

Brought up in a village which did not have a minyan of Jews; a self-taught child genius. His life was shattered by the Russian civil war and the new anti-religious communist Soviet Union. He was hounded, arrested and eventually imprisoned in Siberia, but his faith remained untouched. His thoughts and writings on Prayer emerge through this period of his life. Summary This conversation delves into the life of Dayan Abramsky, a Jewish figure who faced immense challenges during the Soviet regime. It explores his arrest, the impact on his family, his resilience in the face of adversity, and the international efforts made for his release. The discussion also highlights his reflections on faith, prayer, and the significance of Eretz Yisrael in Jewish identity. Take-aways Faith played a crucial role in survival during hardships. The Chafetz Chaim's letter was pivotal in seeking help. Rav Abramsky’s early education shaped his future leadership. The civil war in Russia had devastating effects on the Jews. Important ideas for prayers on Rosh Hashana & Yom Kippur Chapters 00:00 The Arrest and Its Impact 03:12 Survival in Adversity 06:02 The early years of Dayan Abramsky 08:54 Education and Influences 11:45 The Turbulent Times of War 15:09 Resistance Against Oppression 18:02 The Struggles of Jewish Life in the Soviet Union 20:53 Imprisonment and Interrogation 24:14 International Efforts for Release 27:07 Reflections on Suffering and Faith 29:55 The Journey to Freedom 33:13 The Aftermath and New Beginnings 36:06 The Connection to Eretz Yisrael

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Medieval England II - Apostates, Criminals & Leaders

Sep 24, 2024

53:31

Jews paid the Crown for the privilege of getting married, divorced or converted. London ran into politics with its synagogues, Norwich became the first city for blood libels, yet the priests of Canterbury were fully supported by the Jews. Despite these difficulties, Torah scholarship and even Kabbalah flourished in England. And that’s besides the 6,000 herrings…. Chapters 02:19 The Role of Women in Medieval Jewish Society 11:42 Marriage vs Economic Dynamics in Jewish Communities 15:15 Canterbury, Oxford & London 20:27 The conversion of Christians to Judaism 34:17 The Influence of Jewish Scholars in Medieval England 38:31 Rabbi Elia: A Multifaceted Leader in Jewish Life 48:31 Crime and Community

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Medieval England I - Promise, Opportunity & Betrayal

Sep 17, 2024

44:39

Invited to settle by William the Conqueror, when Winchester was the capital city, the 220 year history of Jews in England is seen as a narrative of money-lending and expulsion. But the real story is far more gripping. Jews settled across the Land, becoming the wealthiest in the process. Women were advisors to the royal court and an ancient Roman gold coin ended up in Britain, along with its invaders. Chapters 00:00 The Historical Context of Jewish Life in England 02:48 The Arrival and Integration of Jews in Medieval England 06:01 The Role of Jewish Moneylending in English Society 08:51 Licoricia of Winchester: A Case Study 12:09 The Impact of Royal Decrees on Jewish Autonomy 14:56 The Decline of Jewish Prosperity in England 17:50 The Church's Influence on Jewish Life 21:09 The Tragic End of Licoricia and Her Legacy 24:03 The Aftermath of Licoricia's Life 26:52 The Evolution of Jewish Women's Roles 29:47 Conclusion: Reflections on Jewish History in England

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Understanding Halacha, History & Change: Taking Interest on a Loan (feat. Dayan Y. Posen)

Sep 10, 2024

1:07:41

The Torah explicitly forbids lending money at interest, yet the Hetter Iska document seems to allow it. Is it legal? Should we all have one? Did the 17th century create a watershed moment? Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Overview 02:26 The Historical Context of Money in Jewish History 08:11 The Role of the Vaad Arba Arotzos in Creating the Hetter Iska Document 11:29 Navigating Financial Transactions within the Framework of Halacha 19:27 Understanding the Document 35:04 The Prohibition of Ribis (interest bearing loans) 43:18 Different Types of Hetter iska

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Tisha B'Av Episode - The Hideout in Slovakia

Aug 12, 2024

56:30

Rabbi Yossi Steiner spent the war years on the run - as a child - and survived through a series of miracles. He found himself alone in a ghetto, needing to take care of his 5 year old brother. He hid in a bunker for 9 months, whilst Nazis came searching with trained dogs. He crossed borders through forests and fields and spent months pretending to be a mute child. His story and that of the non-jewish family who saved him, must be heard... Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Background 02:19 Life Before the War 03:46 Imposition of Decrees and Restrictions 06:14 Escape to Hungary 09:38 Safety in Hungary and the Divide Between Hungarian Jews and Jewish Refugees 13:25 Dangers for Foreign Jews in Hungary 16:20 Desperate Attempts to Save Loved Ones 21:52 Life Under False Identities 27:03 Return to Slovakia 29:00 Escape and Disappearance 30:28 Hiding and Seeking Refuge 31:57 The Mosulak Family's Heroic Act 32:55 The Consequences of the Slovak Uprising 34:22 Nazi Threats and Close Calls 36:20 Living in Fear and Constant Danger 37:19 Jan Mosulak's Courageous Denial 43:29 Honoring the Mosulak Family 46:40 The Fear and Resilience of a Child 50:33 The Importance of Not Giving Up 52:49 Finding Meaning in Loss and Tears

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Holocaust Identities IV - The Church, The Red Cross & Nuremberg

Aug 11, 2024

1:01:11

1945. The war is over and Germany is in chaos. But now the church has to explain its silence. And two other groups emerge. There are thousands of Jewish orphans scattered across Europe. At the same time there are thousands of Nazis on the run. Will justice prevail? Chapters 00:00 The Church's Denial and Defense 04:19 Suppression of the Draft Encyclical 16:17 Treatment of Jewish Children in Convents 25:43 Collaboration with the International Red Cross 28:06 Complicity and Deficient Moral Map 30:30 Complicity of the Red Cross and the Catholic Church 38:39 The Role of the Red Cross in Aiding Nazis 46:10 The Vatican's Opposition to the Nuremberg Trials 54:39 Positive Contributions of the Red Cross and the Church

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Holocaust Identities III - Hitler’s Olympics, Nation & Church

Aug 5, 2024

58:24

Berlin 1936 saw Germany win more Gold medals than any other country, while the world looked on. But at what price? How aware was the Church of Jewish persecution? What role did the ordinary German play in Hitler’s regime? And what motivated those who saved Jews? Chapters 00:00 The Berlin Olympics of 1936: Hitler's Showcase 05:04 Calls to Boycott or Relocate the Olympics 09:42 Why Did Ordinary Germans Participate in the Holocaust? 18:42 The Role of Obedience and Peer Pressure 23:24 The Church's Influence on Anti-Semitism 28:36 The Catholic Church's Silence and Inaction 31:27 Debating the Motivation behind the Church's Inaction 49:24 Individuals and Churches that Actively Helped and Saved Jews

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Holocaust Identities Part 2 – Secret Soldiers II

Jul 28, 2024

50:58

In 1944 X-troop were fighting in France. With heavy losses and secret identities, some of them would tragically be buried under a cross. By 1945 they had made their way to Germany, always searching for family members who may have survived, even if this required driving across no-man’s land into enemy territory. When the war ends, they begin a new mission, rooting out Nazis in Germany & Austria. But Judgement is hard to come by. Chapters 00:00 Introduction: X-Troop's Mission 17:24 Finding Family: Ron Gilbert's Search 25:01 Manfred Gantz's Journey to Terezin 31:41 Rescuing Family: The Personal Mission of the X-Troop 38:00 Post-War Challenges and Denazification 44:43 Bravery and Resilience: The Legacy of the X-Troop 49:58 Conclusion: Lessons from the Holocaust

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Holocaust Identities - Secret Soldiers I

Jul 22, 2024

54:12

To donate tefillin for the soldiers, please click - https://bit.ly/historyforthecurioustefillin Forged through adversity and fuelled by the fate of their families who were trapped in Nazi Europe, a ragtag crew of Jewish refugees volunteered to become an elite army unit and significantly impact the enemy during WWII. Initially interned as enemy aliens they risked their lives time and time again. A quarter of them would fall in battle. Chapters 00:00 Introduction: The Story of Jewish Refugees in World War II 05:24 Joining an Elite Commando Troop 10:17 A Jewish Soldier's Encounter with Field Marshal Rommel 13:29 Obtaining Vital Intelligence for the Allies 16:57 The X-troop: Jewish Refugees Fighting Against the Nazis 21:04 Challenges and Discrimination Faced by Jewish Refugees 25:28 The Impact of Antisemitism and Propaganda 26:54 The Cruelty Faced by Jewish Refugees 29:20 The Formation of the X-Troop 30:19 Intense Training and Preparation 39:27 Crucial Roles in the D-Day Landings 45:30 Bravery and Resilience in the Face of Challenges

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Rabbi Akiva Eger II - Rulings, Plague & Portrait

Jul 11, 2024

39:53

To appreciate Rabbi Akiva Eger we need to understand his era; The cholera epidemic he lived through, the personalities of his generation as well as his rulings and how they were set out. Who was he really and what did he look like? Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Rabbi Akiva Eger 13:46 Rabbi Akiva Eger's Role During the Cholera Epidemic 27:09 Conflict with the Community and the Hospital Management 35:31 The Accuracy of Portraits Depicting Rabbi Akiva Eger 38:49 Legacy and Impact of Rabbi Akiva Eger

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Rabbi Akiva Eger I - Genius, Battles & Compassion

Jun 25, 2024

40:03

Famous as a scholar and lamdan, his life was beset by challenges and setbacks, all of which he faced with remarkable fortitude. As the leader of Central Europe's Jewry, the impact of his writings and personality re-wrote the history of the 19th century for the Jews Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Government Intervention 08:01 Reb Akiva Eger's Scholarship and Influence 16:10 Reb Akiva Eger's Reluctance to Give Decisions 27:21 The Appointment Controversy in Posen 35:24 Acts of Kindness and Strength in Psak 39:40 Conclusion and Preview of Part 2

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Kabbalah II - Heresy : Spain 1290-1350

Jun 14, 2024

1:02:05

Unraveling the Mystery - Who was Moshe de Leon? How did the Zohar impact Jewish history? Is there a deep divide between Academics & Kabbalists. What did Rav Yaakov Emden write? And how was Marriage seen in 13th century Spain? Chapters 00:00 Introduction: The Mystery of the Zohar 13:09 The Historical Context of Spain in the 13th and 14th Centuries 30:42 The Impact of the Zohar on Jewish History and Thought 31:12 The Complexity of the Zohar 34:01 Geographic References in the Zohar 36:48 Questioning the Existence of Places in the Zohar 38:14 The Enigma of Moshe de Leon 41:02 Possible Origins of the Zohar 44:17 The Role of Roshun Beychai in the Zohar 49:00 Different Perspectives on the Zohar 52:22 Understanding the Entire Torah 54:19 The Beliefs of a Believing Jew 58:59 The Laws of Shmita

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Spanish Jewry IV: Kabbalah, Conflict & Corruption

Jun 2, 2024

53:12

In the 1200s Spanish Jewry faced great challenges within the community including Murder, Immorality & Defection. This was exacerbated by dangerous teachings within Kabbalah which had to be rooted out by the Rashba and banned. But 700 years later a pathway was found to Redemption. Chapters 00:00 Challenges of 13th-Century Spain: Tensions, Wealth, and Power 03:06 Controversies in Jewish Scholarship: Philosophy and Kabbalah 08:20 Internal Conflicts and Legal Authority 15:03 Religious Challenges and the Ban on Philosophy 26:50 The Legacy of Rabbi Avraham Abulafia 48:26 Kabbalistic Techniques and Mathematics

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Spanish Jewry III - Targets of Resentment: Prominent Jewish Figures in Spain

May 24, 2024

41:41

The Golden Age was over but what drove Jews to settle in Christian Spain? What is the true story of the pirates in Cordoba? Why was the commentary of the Rif so vital and why did the Ba’al HaMaor critique it? Who controlled the Jews: The Church or The Kings? Chapters: 00:00 Introduction and Background 03:05 Legends and Stories in Jewish History 08:50 Prominent Jewish Scholars and Physicians 16:30 Transition from Muslim to Christian Rule 24:48 Power Dynamics: Kings and the Church 29:00 Challenges to Jewish Authority 31:58 Clothing and Distinguishing Marks 36:12 Freedom and High Profile 39:01 Tensions and Uncertainty

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Spanish Jewry II - The Golden Age : 711-1066

May 17, 2024

45:25

A unique world existed for two centuries in which a Jewish general lead Moslem armies into battle and authored 1,500 poems while Chasdai, the most famous Jew, discovered the antidote to poison and oversaw the creation of Jewish grammar. Was Yosef Hannagid responsible for the death of an Arab prince? And how did Spain over-rule Babylonia? Chapters 00:00 Introduction to the Golden Age of Spanish Jewry 14:18 The Achievements and Influential Figures of the Golden Age 35:58 The Cultural Significance of Poetry and Literature 39:21 Emergence of Jewish Literary Works in Muslim Spain 41:37 The End of the Golden Age 43:28 Disputes Among Jewish Grammarians

81

Spanish Jewry I - The Visigoths

May 7, 2024

34:44

The history of the Jews in Spain has always been part of our collective memory. But the real story starts 1,000 years earlier. Long before the Rishonim, flourishing communities existed. What were their lives like? Why do we not know more about them? And what happened in 711CE? Chapters 00:00 The Visigothic Period: Anti-Jewish Legislation and Forced Conversions 15:40 The Muslim Invasion: The Golden Age of Spain for Jews 33:43 Uncovering the Forgotten History: The Jews of Spain

82

Responsa in History III

Apr 24, 2024

34:17

Do synagogues have rights over membership? Why did a Chazan risk excommunication in Perpignan? Why were responsa printed in defiance of the author’s wishes? And the 1708 Chametz glue on a Pesach document… Chapters 00:00 Excommunication and Imposing Bans 06:18 Excommunication and Scholarly Disputes 13:28 The Role of the Chazan in the Synagogue 26:04 Insights from Historical Responsa

83

Responsa in History II - Synagogues, Politics & Power (Feat. Dayan Y Posen)

Apr 12, 2024

49:58

For centuries Jews faced restrictions building their shuls. Halachic questions arose across Europe concerning rights, ownership and use. And closer to our day, when communities split, the assets would often be fought over. For the trip, please email: [email protected] Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Overview 07:41 Shul as a Place of Assembly and Governance 14:13 Challenges in Shul Expansion and Renovation 29:14 Ownership and Rights of a Community in a Shul 38:13 The Changing Dynamics of Shuls and the Role of Trustees

84

Responsa in History & Halacha (feat. Dayan Yonason D. Hool)

Apr 2, 2024

53:25

In times of war and peace and throughout the centuries, Jews have asked questions. Some became the foundations of halacha, others were forgotten. In this episode we trace back through the ages to find that the new is often very old. To purchase Dayan Hools book, click here - Beth Din Commercial Arbitration: https://amzn.eu/d/hSkOB53 Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Urgency of the Question 03:04 The Importance of Responsa in Jewish Law 06:22 Preserving and Recording Responsa 10:45 Debates on Jewish Community and Communal Organization 14:04 Reduction in Responsa and the Need for New Answers 25:46 Communal Financial Responsa in Times of Crisis 26:42 Repurposing Funds and the Power of Handwriting 29:37 Contributing to Communal Projects in Tehran 30:06 Apportioning Funds for Weddings and Inflation 31:02 Returning Donations Given in Error 35:22 The Role of Community Contributions 51:01 Security as an Individual Requirement

85

Yishmael vs Yisrael X – A personal account in Gaza

Mar 26, 2024

36:18

Unlike the secular worldview, Jewish history looks at individuals and at details. And although we have closely followed the general conflict in Israel, we are at arm’s length from the war. Hearing first-hand some of the challenges that Yona Pinchos Gedalia ben Soroh Chana faced, will thereby give a deeper perspective to what Israel is experiencing. Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Purpose of the Episode 03:04 The Importance of Individuals in Jewish History 06:28 The Jewish View of History 09:20 Lessons from the Story of Esther 12:10 Interview with a Soldier who Fought in Gaza 19:25 Powerful and Evocative Moments in Gaza 22:15 Worrying about Family and Coping with Breaks 27:55 The Role of Faith and Processing the Experience 35:10 Takeaway: Making Sacrifices and Supporting Soldiers

86

Douglas Murray - Raw Opinion on the Israel Conflict

Mar 18, 2024

49:22

To Watch This Podcast, click here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRbtzDOtBAY&t=2021s A wide-ranging discussion with author & international broadcaster Douglas Murray, on the questions: Why the Media Lie - The Liberal Left - Antisemitism, modern and ancient - The Future in Israel. Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Personal Connection 00:38 Interview with Douglas Murray 06:50 Journalistic Bias and Bigotry 09:40 Media Coverage of Israel-Palestine Conflict 11:37 Displacement of Israeli Families 14:30 Impact of Advocacy and Truth 21:33 Denial and Response to Terrorism 22:41 Complacency and Strategic Thinking 24:35 Israel's Technological Advantages 25:24 Living with Rockets 26:21 Deprogramming Hate 27:48 Education and De-Radicalization 29:40 The Insoluble Problem 30:09 The Future of Palestine 31:28 Anti-Semitism and Humanity 32:27 Anti-Semitism on Campuses 33:20 Sinister and Stupid Anti-Semitism 34:29 The Disappearance of Adults 35:25 Liberalism and Judaism 36:18 Two Types of Liberalism 37:09 The Rise of Anti-Semitism 38:08 The Perception of Jews 39:04 The Danger of Open Borders 40:27 Anti-Semitism in Eastern Europe 41:18 Anti-Semitism and Liberalism 42:37 Anti-Semitism as a Reality 43:06 Decency and Solidarity 45:32 Running for Public Office 46:28 Supporting Threatened MPs

87

The Karaites III - Unusual Episodes

Mar 10, 2024

47:44

The Karaites arrive in Ponovezh, Lithuania; Seraya Shapshal abruptly changes direction; Ibn Ezra writes Zemirot [link below]; the Nazis preside over a Karaite debate; Voltaire quotes a Karaite scholar; The 21st century reconfigures Karaism. Ki Eshmera Shabbat - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Um8Z5Wdok-WeA7zNmKFkEjG06eH21Sax/view?usp=drivesdk Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Background 03:16 Karaites in Ponovitch 04:42 Karaites in Trakai 06:35 Relations with Orthodox Jews 09:27 Karaites under Tsarist Russia 15:15 Secularization and Reform 19:28 Communist Rule and World War II 24:12 Karaites and the Holocaust 28:30 Communist Rule and Decline 29:57 Karaites in the Middle East 32:47 Karaites in Europe and the USA 35:10 Karaites in Israel 39:24 Halakhic Status of the Karaites 44:43 The Evin Ezra and the Karaites 47:05 Conclusion

88

The Karaites II - Forgeries & History

Feb 25, 2024

41:02

Refugees arrived in Egypt from Toldeo in 1459, with ideas of their own. But as the centuries progressed, the Karaites spread out from the Middle East. Crimea became the headquarters of the movement. However Abraham Firkowitz had his own ideas about history, in which facts did not necessarily feature. Although St. Petersburg owes him a continuing debt of gratitude. Chapters 00:00 Quarrel between Karaites and Rabbinites in 1833 03:17 Karaites in Egypt in the mid-1400s 06:05 Karaites and Rabbanites in 1465 07:01 Karaites seeking religious answers from Muslim jurists 08:30 Karaites' status as Jews 10:22 Karaites in Crimea and Eastern Europe 13:17 Karaites in Crimea in the late Middle Ages 19:33 Russian rule over Crimea and discriminatory laws 20:58 Avram Firkovich and his forgeries 25:35 Firkovich's influence and success 36:29 Firkovich's efforts and legacy

89

The Karaites I - Origins & Practices

Feb 14, 2024

46:20

1,200 years ago, a new form of Judaism was created, and it has lasted through the centuries. How far did Karaism spread? Did the Rambam allow them to be circumcised? Did Islam bring about the new ideology? And why would they observe Rosh Hashana without a Shofar? Please email [email protected] for details on the upcoming Vienna Trip. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to the Karaites 03:07 Beliefs and Practices of the Karaites 05:32 Rav Saadia Gaon and the Defense of Orthodoxy 06:29 Origins and Founding of the Karaites 09:19 Historical Context and Factors Influencing the Karaites 11:12 Interaction between Karaites and Orthodox Jews 15:24 Halakhic Requirements and Practices of the Karaites 20:04 Stringency and Uniqueness of Karaites' Observance 21:24 Differences in Shabbat Candle Lighting and Prayer 23:50 Comparison with the Sadducees and Tzadokim 24:46 Relationship between Karaites and Orthodox Jews 25:44 Spread of the Karaites in Iraq, Jerusalem, and Egypt 29:08 Presence of Karaites in Constantinople and Cyprus 32:56 Decline of Karaites in Jerusalem 35:20 Karaites in Egypt and Influence of the Rambam 39:34 Karaites in Toledo and Mixed Marriages

90

500 Years Ago: February 1524

Feb 6, 2024

38:02

When Europe became the battleground between opposing armies, a very unlikely candidate met up with the Pope and proposed a solution. It would involve the Jews, and start in the heart of Inquisition Portugal. But it brought about unexpected results. Ultimately we have a cloak and a flag to reflect upon. Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Trip Announcement 01:24 ICJ Case Against Israel 03:16 Ongoing Case and Accusation of Genocide 04:12 Podcast Achievement and Offline Listening 05:07 Introduction to the Story of Shlomo Molcho and David Reuveni 06:05 Arrival of David Reuveni in Venice 07:02 Encounter between David Reuveni and Diego Pérez 09:26 David Reuveni's Background and Travels 10:52 David Reuveni's Arrival in Rome 11:47 David Reuveni's Meeting with Pope Clement VII 12:45 David Reuveni's Visit to Portugal 16:29 Shlomo Molcho's Life in Salonika 18:50 Shlomo Molcho's Return to Italy 20:12 Shlomo Molcho's Meeting with Pope Clement VII 22:31 Shlomo Molcho's Imprisonment and Execution 23:29 Meeting with Emperor Charles V 24:47 Emperor's Reaction and Execution of Shlomo Molcho 25:43 Conclusion and Legacy of Shlomo Molcho 31:23 Discussion on Shlomo Molcho's Motivations 33:44 Reactions and Impact of Shlomo Molcho 36:05 Closing Remarks and Trip Announcement

91

Yishmael vs Yisrael IX - The Father of a Hostage

Jan 31, 2024

27:01

A moving, personal first-hand account of trial, tribulation and faith. Recorded live at the JLE. Chapters 00:00 The Kidnapping of Ori Danino 03:29 The Search for Ori 05:24 Ori's Heroic Actions 08:08 The Power of Emunah 09:32 Seeing Hashem in Difficult Times 12:12 The Unexplainable Nature of the War 13:47 Praying and Believing in Hashem 15:53 A Message to Ori 17:20 Coping with Disappointment 18:44 The Impact of Ori's Story 19:43 The Power of Emunah from Generations Past 23:40 A Call to Prayer

92

Yishmael vs Yisrael VIII - The ICJ

Jan 23, 2024

42:07

In 2004 Israel was prosecuted at the ICJ for building a barrier through the West Bank. But Israel didn’t bother to turn up. What changed in 2024? Why did South Africa in particular, take the lead against Israel? Why does the proportionality argument (regarding civilian casualties) not help Israel’s defense?

93

The Letters Which Made History - Part III

Jan 18, 2024

42:24

Why was Sir Moses Montefiore in Malta for Tisha B’Av? Who wrote the poem Bli Mazal (Out of Luck)? Which British politician suggested in 1841, that the Jews create an independent State? What made London famous in 1159? Whom did Rabbeinu Tam bow to?

94

The Letters Which Made History - Part II

Jan 10, 2024

44:30

How did a small hole in a parchment create Crusader history? What do Chopin, Karl Marx, Alexander Dumas & Goethe have in common? Why would the Barons of Franconia insist that Jews go to Synagogue on Monday & Thursday? What was life like for Jews in Sicily? Listen to fascinating insights from four very different eras in Jewish History.

95

The Letters Which Made History - Part I

Jan 4, 2024

45:30

Did a Christian censor help the Jews of Bohemia? Who was Rav Sherira Gaon and why is the letter he wrote over 1,000 years ago, so important today? What brought Jews to America in the 1600s? And why did a Rabbi in Indiana write to the US Secretary of State - in Hebrew!?

96

Yishmael vs Yisrael VII - Vital Answers for Difficult Times (feat. Rabbi Dr Akiva Tatz)

Dec 26, 2023

1:13:31

Recorded in Jerusalem, this ground-breaking episode includes testimony based on eyewitnesses, linking together Israel’s Past, Present & Future. Are the Settlements illegal? Does Islam’s monotheism bring any spiritual benefit to the Jews? Is Israel imposing Apartheid on the Palestinians in the West Bank? What does tomorrow hold for Israel? Link to contact Zevi Kaufman at Cedar Media Studios - https://www.cedarmediastudios.com/ Link to donate Tefillin for soldiers - https://thechesedfund.com/israelselect/tefillin?aff=HFTCP

97

Yishmael vs Yisrael VI - The Harder Questions (feat. Lord David Wolfson KC)

Dec 15, 2023

1:01:30

A must listen! What rights to land did Jews have in Palestine? How does Israel explain the Deir Yassin massacre? Did they engage in ethnic cleansing of Palestinians in 1948? Should we regulate free speech of the BBC & Universities?

98

Yishmael vs Yisrael V - The Harder Questions (feat. R’ Yitzchok Breitowitz)

Dec 5, 2023

1:07:03

Featuring Rav Yitzchok Breitowitz & Rav Osher Weiss. How do we view War, Collateral Damage and Siege in Halacha? Did the Chafetz Chaim think that we can change the minds of non-Jewish governments? What rights do Jews have in Golus and what message should we take from the matzav?

99

Yishmael vs Yisrael IV - The Hostages (feat. Rabbi Dr Akiva Tatz)

Nov 22, 2023

54:46

The fate of 240 Jews still remains unknown… What are our spiritual obligations at this time? What does Jewish Law rule for these situations? And where does Advocacy fit into the equation?

100

London Through the Eyes of the Curious

Nov 9, 2023

0:59

Experience London in a very unique way by clicking the link below- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wHjkkNGKUk And please consider making a donation to allow us to continue the podcasts' reach and content - https://www.charityextra.com/jle/133970

History for the Curious

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